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Why Ban Ki-Moon Is Not Going To Be the Next South Korean President
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Ban’s political shortcomings, and a spotty track record as secretary-general, make him a lackluster candidate.
À¯¿£ »ç¹«ÃÑÀåÀ¸·Î¼ ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÌ º¸¿©ÁØ Á¤Ä¡Àû °áÁ¡°ú ÇãÁ¡Åõ¼ºÀÌÀÇ ½ÇÀûÀº ±×¸¦ º° º¼ ÀÏ ¾ø´Â ´ë¼±È帷Π¸¸µç´Ù.
By Jiyoung Song
January 18, 2017
Ten days before the end of his term as the eighth secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG), Ban Ki-moon once again hinted that he plans to run for South Korean president. During the interview, he said he was ready to “burn himself to sacrifice for the nation.”
¿©´ü ¹ø° À¯¿£ »ç¹«ÃÑÀåÀ¸·Î¼ Àӱ⸦ ³¡³»±â ¿Èê Àü, ¹Ý±â¹®Àº Çѱ¹ ´ë¼± Ã⸶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °èȹÀ» ´Ù½Ã ÇÑ ¹ø ¾Ï½ÃÇß´Ù. ÀÎÅͺä Áß¿¡ ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ “±¹°¡¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇÑ ¸ö ºÒ»ç¸¦” Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
Many in Korea were reminded of current President Park Geun-hye’s speech four years ago, when she said that she’d “marry the nation” and give everything to the country. The end results of her legacy as the first female president are beyond a national disgrace: special prosecution over a massive corruption scandal involving her confidant, a four percent support rate, her impeachment, and the break up of her party.
¸¹Àº Çѱ¹¹ÎµéÀº Çö ¹Ú±ÙÇý ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ “±¹°¡¿Í °áÈ¥ÇÒ °Í”ÀÌ°í ±¹°¡¿¡ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¹ÙÄ¡°Ú´Ù°í Çß´ø 4³â Àü ±×³àÀÇ ¿¬¼³À» ¶°¿Ã·È´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ù ¿©¼º ´ëÅë·ÉÀ¸·Î¼ ±×³à°¡ ³²±ä °á°ú´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀýÄ£ÇÑ Ä£±¸°¡ ¿¬·çµÈ ´ëÇü ºÎÁ¤ºÎÆÐ ½ºÄµµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ¯°Ë, 4% ÁöÁöÀ², źÇÙ, ±×¸®°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¼ÓÇÑ Á¤´çÀÇ ºÐ´ç µî ±¹°¡Àû ¼öÄ¡¸¦ ³Ñ¾î¼±´Ù.
On the same day Ban heavily implied a bid for the presidency, 35 lawmakers from the anti-Park faction within the ruling Saenuri Party held a press conference to declare that they would leave the party and create a new one, called the New Reform Conservative Party (now known as the Barun Party). In addition, Saenuri’s most anticipated presidential candidate, Kim Moo-sung, announced that he wouldn’t run for president this time.
¹Ý Àü ÃÑÀåÀÌ ´ë¼± Ã⸶ ÀÇÁö¸¦ °ÇÏ°Ô ½Ã»çÇÑ ¹Ù·Î ±× ³¯, Áý±Ç »õ´©¸®´ç ³» ¹Ý¹Ú°è 35¸íÀÇ ÀÇ¿øµéÀº »õ´©¸®´ç Å»´ç°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ °³Çõº¸¼ö½Å´ç(Çö ¹Ù¸¥Á¤´ç)À̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ½Å´ç â´çÀ» ¾Ë¸®±â À§ÇÑ ±âÀÚȸ°ßÀ» ¿¾ú´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡, »õ´©¸®´ç¿¡¼ ´ë¼±È帷Π°·ÂÈ÷ ¿¹»óµÆ´ø ±è¹«¼º ÀÇ¿øÀÌ À̹ø ´ë¼±¿¡ ºÒÃ⸶ ¼±¾ðÀ» Çß´Ù.
This is not coincidence but a concerted political move by Korean neo-cons. They need the former UNSG as their candidate, much more than Ban needs them for the 2017 presidential election. Ban was initially courted by President Park and the pro-Park faction of the party but Ban is clever enough to distance himself from her after the scandal.
ÀÌ´Â ¿ì¿¬ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Çѱ¹ ³» ½Åº¸¼ö¼¼·ÂÀÇ ÇÕÀÇ¿¡ µû¸¥ Á¤Ä¡Àû ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀÌ´Ù. 2017³â ´ë¼±À» À§ÇØ ¹Ý Àü ÃÑÀåÀÌ À̵éÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ À̵éÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ´ë¼± ÁÖÀڷμ Àü À¯¿£»ç¹«ÃÑÀåÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ý Àü ÃÑÀåÀº ¿ø·¡ ¹Ú ´ëÅë·É°ú »õ´©¸®´ç ³» Ä£¹Ú°è ÀÇ¿øµé·ÎºÎÅÍ È¯½ÉÀ» »òÀ¸³ª, ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ½ºÄµµéÀÌ ÅÍÁø ÀÌÈÄ ±×´Â ¿µ¸®ÇÏ°Ôµµ Ä£¹Ú°è¿Í °Å¸®¸¦ µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
However, Ban faces several ethical and political issues as a presidential candidate, especially under the current political uncertainty surrounding Park’s impeachment and divisive party politics.
±×·¯³ª ƯÈ÷ ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ÅºÇÙ°ú ºÐ¿µÈ ´ç³» Á¤Ä¡¶ó´Â ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÑ »óȲ ¼Ó¿¡¼, ¹Ý Àü ÃÑÀåÀº ´ë¼±Èĺ¸·Î¼ ¸î °¡Áö µµ´öÀûÀÌ°í Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦µéÀ» Á÷¸éÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Conflict of Interests
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First of all, there is an ethical issue surrounding his candidacy as an immediately retired UNSG. Article 4(b) of the UN General Assembly Resolution 11(1) on Terms of the Appointment of the Secretary-General in 1946 states that “[b]ecause a secretary-general is a [confidant] of many governments, it is desirable that no Member should offer him, at any rate immediately on retirement, any governmental position in which his confidential information might be a source of embarrassment to other Members, and on his part a secretary-general should refrain from accepting any such position.” For this reason, Kurt Waldheim and Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (two previous SGs) waited four to five years after their retirements from UNSG to run for the Austrian and Peruvian presidencies, respectively.
ù°·Î, ¹Ý Àü ÃÑÀåÀÇ À¯¿£ »ç¹«ÃÑÀå ÅðÀÓ Á÷ÈÄ ´ë¼± Ã⸶¸¦ µÑ·¯½Ñ µµ´öÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. À¯¿£ÃÑȸ¿¡¼ 1946³â¿¡ äÅÃµÈ À¯¿£ »ç¹«ÃÑÀå Áö¸í¿¡ °üÇÑ ¾àÁ¤¼ÀÇ À¯¿£ ÃÑȸ °áÀÇ¾È 11ÀÇ 4(b)Ç×Àº “»ç¹«ÃÑÀåÀÌ ¸¹Àº Á¤ºÎµé¿¡°Ô [ºñ¹Ð½º·¯¿î »ó´ãÀÚ]ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, Àû¾îµµ ÅðÀÓ Á÷ÈÄ¿¡´Â ¾î´À ȸ¿ø±¹µµ ±×¿¡°Ô »ç¹«ÃÑÀåÀÌ º¸À¯ÇÑ ÀÌ·± ±â¹Ð Á¤º¸°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ȸ¿ø±¹À» ´çȤ½º·´°Ô ÇÒ Ãâó°¡ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Á¤ºÎÁ÷µµ Á¦°øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ°í, »ç¹«ÃÑÀå Ãø¿¡¼µµ ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Á÷Ã¥ÀÇ ¼ö¶ôÀ» »ï°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù”°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯·Î, Äí¸£Æ® ¹ßÆ®ÇÏÀÓ°ú ÇϺñ¿¡¸£ Æä·¹½º µ¥ Äɾ߸£ ÀÌÀü µÎ »ç¹«ÃÑÀåÀº À¯¿£ »ç¹«ÃÑÀåÁ÷ÀÇ ÅðÀÓ ÀÌÈÄ 4~5³âÀ» ±â´Ù¸° ÈÄ °¢°¢ ¿À½ºÆ®¸®¾Æ¿Í Æä·ç ´ëÅë·ÉÁ÷¿¡ Ã⸶Çß´Ù.
Why is Ban so rushed to announce his bid for the presidency this year? Ban is 72 years old. If he waited for the next term, as Weldheim or Cuellar did, he would be well into his mid-70s by the election.
¹Ý Àü ÃÑÀåÀº ¿Ö ¿ÃÇØ ´ë¼±Ã⸶ ¼±¾ðÀ» ¼µÎ¸£°í ÀÖ³ª? ¹Ý Àü ÃÑÀåÀº 72¼¼´Ù. ¹ßÆ®ÇÏÀÓÀ̳ª Æä·¹Áî Àü ÃÑÀåó·³ ´ÙÀ½ ´ë¼±À» ±â´Ù¸°´Ù¸é ¼±°Å±îÁö ±×´Â 70´ë Áß¹ÝÀ» Èǽ ³ÑÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Seoul’s representative to the UN, Oh Joon, defended Ban, saying the UN Resolution is only a recommendation and therefore not legally binding. Even if it’s not legally binding, there is still a moral question.
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Worst UNSG Ever?
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Ban’s retirement met with his own staff’s censure and no tears were shed, according to the UN staff unions. To many, his legacy will be as the worst UNSG, who was more interested in being a president than being a charismatic and visible UNSG.
¹Ý±â¹®ÀÌ ÅðÀÓÇÒ ¶§ ±×ÀÇ Á÷¿øµéÀº ºÒ½ÅÀÓÀ» º¸ÀÌ¸ç ¾Æ½¬¿òÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í À¯¿£ Á÷¿ø Á¶ÇÕÀº ¸»Çß´Ù. ¸¹Àº À̵鿡°Ô, ±×´Â Ä«¸®½º¸¶ ÀÖ°í ´«¿¡ ¶ç´Â À¯¿£ »ç¹«ÃÑÀåÀÌ µÇ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ µÇ´Â °Í¿¡ ´õ Èï¹Ì°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ »ç¹«ÃÑÀåÀ¸·Î ±â¾ïµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Ban is certainly no darling for the Western media. The Economist has called him “the dullest and among the worst” UNSGs ever; Jonathan Tepperman for New York Times describes Ban as a “powerless observer.” ForThe Guardian, Ban is an “invisible man” while for The Telegraph he’s a “nowhere man.” James Traub of Foreign Policy even called for his resignation.
È®½ÇÈ÷ ¼±¸ ¾ð·ÐÀº ¹Ý±â¹®¿¡°Ô ¿ìÈ£ÀûÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÀÌÄÚ³ë¹Ì½ºÆ®Áö´Â ±×¸¦ “°¡Àå µÐÇÏ°í ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ” À¯¿£ »ç¹«ÃÑÀåÀ̶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Ù. ´º¿åŸÀÓ½ºÀÇ Á¶³ª´Ü ÅÂÆÛ¸ÇÀº ¹Ý±â¹®À» “¹«·ÂÇÑ °üÂûÀÚ”·Î ¹¦»çÇÑ´Ù. °¡µð¾ð¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¹Ý±â¹®Àº “º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷”À̸ç ÅÚ·¹±×·¡ÇÁÁö´Â ±×¸¦ “¾îµð¿¡µµ ¾ø´Â ÀÌ”¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. Æ÷¸°Æú¸®½ÃÀÇ Á¦ÀÓ½º Æ®¶ó¿ìºê´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ±×ÀÇ »çÀÓÀ» ¿ä±¸Çß¾ú´Ù.
In the recent interview with the Korean press on his way back from New York to Seoul, the upset former UNSG accused the Western media of racism against him as a Korean, and blamed the indolence of UN staff for their criticisms against his righteous UN reforms. He also gave counterexamples where he was praised by U.S. Ambassador to the UN Samantha Power and President Barack Obama.
ÃÖ±Ù ´º¿å¿¡¼ ¼¿ï·ÎÀÇ ¿©Á¤¿¡ ÇàÇØÁø Çѱ¹ ¾ð·Ð°úÀÇ ÀÎÅͺ信¼ È°¡ ³ Àü À¯¿£ »ç¹«ÃÑÀåÀº ¼¾ç ¾ð·Ð¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Çѱ¹ÀÎÀ̱⿡ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°À» ÇÑ´Ù°í ºñ³ÇßÀ¸¸ç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¤´çÇÑ À¯¿£ °³ÇõÀ» ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â À¯¿£ Á÷¿øµéÀÇ ³ªÅÂÇÔÀ» ºñ³Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ »ç¸¸´Ù ÆÄ¿ö À¯¿£ÁÖÀç ¹Ì±¹´ë»ç¿Í ¹ö¶ô ¿À¹Ù¸¶ ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô È£ÆòÀ» ¹ÞÀº ¹Ý·Ê¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇß´Ù.
As a career diplomat, Ban has been good at serving the powerful. At home, he’s survived eight presidents from the military dictator Park Chung-hee to a human rights lawyer, Roh Moo-hyun. At the UN, he managed to convince the P5 of the Security Council to elect him as UNSG, not once but twice. His “nowhere man” tactic might have worked for his top UN job. He was no one’s favorite but no one’s enemy, either.
Á÷¾÷ ¿Ü±³°üÀ¸·Î¼, ¹Ý±â¹®Àº ÈûÀ» °¡Áø ÀÚ¸¦ ¼¶±â´Â ÀÏ¿¡ Ź¿ùÇß´Ù. Çѱ¹¿¡¼, ±×´Â ±ººÎ µ¶ÀçÀÚ ¹ÚÁ¤Èñ ½Ã´ëºÎÅÍ À뱂 º¯È£»ç ³ë¹«Çö±îÁö ÃÑ 8¸íÀÇ ´ëÅë·ÉÀ» °ÅÄ¡¸ç »ì¾Æ³²¾Ò´Ù. À¯¿£¿¡¼, ±×´Â ¾Èº¸ÀÌ»çȸÀÇ »óÀÓÀ̻籹ÀÌ ±×¸¦ À¯¿£ »ç¹«ÃÑÀåÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ¹øµµ ¾Æ´Ñ µÎ ¹øÀ̳ª ¼±ÃâÇϵµ·Ï ¼³µæÇس´Ù. ±×ÀÇ “¾îµð¿¡µµ ¾ø´Â ÀÌ”ÀÇ Àü·«Àº ±×ÀÇ À¯¿£ ÃÖ°íÀ§ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇßÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ ±×´Â °¡Àå ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µµ ¾Æ´Ï¾úÁö¸¸, ±×·¸´Ù°í ±×´Â ´©±¸ÀÇ Àûµµ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù.
However, whether this “nowhere man” tactic would work as a country’s president is highly questionable, as one needs to pursue national interests, not bow to great powers, in international relations. Ban is widely known as a pro-U.S. diplomat. With Trump’s presidency in the United States, however, whether Ban is able to curve Trump’s pro-Russia and confrontational China policies is also doubtful.
±×·¯³ª ±×ÀÇ “¾îµð¿¡µµ ¾ø´Â ÀÌ”ÀÇ Àü·«À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ±¹Á¦ °ü°è¿¡¼ °±¹¿¡ °í°³ ¼÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í ±¹ÀÍÀ» Ãß±¸ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÇ ´ëÅë·ÉÀ¸·Î¼´Â ¸Å¿ì Àǽɽº·¯¿î °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý±â¹®Àº Ä£¹Ì ¼ºÇâÀÇ ¿Ü±³°üÀ¸·Î ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Æ®·³ÇÁÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·É Àӱ⠵¿¾È, ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÌ Æ®·³ÇÁÀÇ Ä£·¯½Ã¾Æ ¹× ¹ÝÁß±¹ Á¤Ã¥À» Àß ÇìÃijª°¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»Áö ¶ÇÇÑ ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÏ´Ù.
Problems With Crisis Management
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Ban’s UN staff criticized his lack of charisma and fluency in English, and uninspiring communication skills. Ban read scripts written by his advisers, yet many senior heads of governments said they were disappointed by his lack of personal engagement.
¹Ý±â¹®ÀÇ À¯¿£ Á÷¿øµéÀº ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÌ Ä«¸®½º¸¶µµ ¾ø°í ¿µ¾î°¡ À¯Ã¢ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº Á¡, ±×¸®°í ¿µ°¨À» ÁÖÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ±×ÀÇ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë ±â¼úÀ» ºñ³Çß´Ù. ¹Ý±â¹®Àº ±×ÀÇ º¸Á°üµéÀÌ ½áÁØ ´ëº»À» ÀоúÁö¸¸, Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¸¹Àº °íÀ§ °øÁ÷ÀÚµéÀº ±×°¡ °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î °ü½ÉÀ» ½ñÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í¿¡ ½Ç¸ÁÇß´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
Ban’s more serious failure, however, is on crisis management. He has been criticized for his failure to act in a timely manner on global crises, including the conflicts in Syria, Yemen, South Sudan, and Sri Lanka as well as migrant and refugee crises. Then there was the cholera outbreak in Haiti, which killed more than 9,000 Haitians while infecting at least 788,000. The disease spread from a UN peacekeeping camp in 2000, yet Ban only delivered an apology six years after the incident. There have also been numerous allegations of UN peacekeepers committing sexual abuse in the Central African Republic. Ban was silent on the immunity given to the accused UN personnel.
±×·¯³ª ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÇ ´õ ½É°¢ÇÑ ½ÇÆд À§±â°ü¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ½Ã¸®¾Æ, ¿¹¸à, ³²¼ö´Ü, ±×¸®°í ½º¸®¶ûÄ«¿¡¼ÀÇ ºÐÀï, ÀÌÁÖ¿Í ³¹Î À§±â µî ¼¼°èÀû À§±â¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ´ëÀÀÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ºñ³¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÀÌƼ¿¡¼´Â ÄÝ·¹¶ó â±È·Î ÃÖ¼Ò 788,000¸íÀÌ °¨¿°µÇ°í 9,000¸í ÀÌ»óÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù. ÀÌ º´Àº 2000³â À¯¿£ ÆòÈÀ¯ÁöÄ·ÇÁ·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÛÁ³Áö¸¸, ¹Ý±â¹®Àº ÀÌ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖÀº Áö 6³â ÈÄ¿¡¾ß »ç°úÇß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, Áß¾Ó¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°øȱ¹¿¡¼ À¯¿£ ÆòÈÀ¯Áö±ºÀÌ ¼ºÆø·ÂÀ» ¹üÇß´Ù´Â ¸¹Àº ÇøÀÇ Á¦±â°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹Ý±â¹®Àº ¹üÁËÇøÀǸ¦ ¹ÞÀº À¯¿£ Á÷¿ø¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø ¸éÃ¥ Ư±Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ä§¹¬Çß´Ù.
Many Koreans still remember the Sewol ferry sinking that resulted in the deaths of 314 innocent passengers, mostly teenage students. They’re disappointed with Ban’s silence on the incident while being skeptical about Ban’s crisis management, given his record at the UN.
¸¹Àº Çѱ¹ÀÎÀº ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ Ã»¼Ò³âÀ̾ú´ø 314¸íÀÇ ¹«°íÇÑ Èñ»ýÀÚ¸¦ ³ºÀº ¼¼¿ùÈ£ÀÇ Ä§¸ôÀ» ¾ÆÁ÷ ±â¾ïÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº À¯¿£¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÇ °æ·ÂÀ» º¸¸ç ±×ÀÇ À§±â°ü¸®´É·Â¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ȸÀÇÀûÀÎ ÇÑÆí ±× »ç°í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÇ Ä§¹¬¿¡ ½Ç¸ÁÇß´Ù.
Wanted by Conservatives, Hated by Progressives
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At home, the “Choi-gate” scandal has changed Ban’s plan to ride on Park’s well-known support for his presidential candidacy. Ban kept on good terms with Park and her party. In 2015, he praised Park’s deal with the Japanese on wartime sex slaves and her hawkish policy toward the North.
Çѱ¹¿¡¼, “ÃÖ¼ø½Ç °ÔÀÌÆ®”´Â ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÌ ´ë¼±ÁÖÀڷμ ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ Áö¸íµµ ³ôÀº Áö¿ø¿¡ µ¿½ÂÇÏ·Á´ø °èȹÀ» ¹Ù²ã ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ¹Ý±â¹®Àº ¹Ú ´ëÅë·É°ú Áý±Ç´ç°úÀÇ ÁÁÀº °ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇß´Ù. 2015³â ±×´Â ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ Àü½Ã ¼º³ë¿¹¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀϺ»°úÀÇ Çù»ó°ú ´ëºÏ °·Â Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ´ëÇØ Äª¼ÛÇß´Ù.
This made him hugely unpopular among Korean democrats and progressives. They called Ban an “opportunist” and “traitor.” Opposition candidate Moon Jae-in criticized Ban’s presidential ambitions and branded him a core part of the “old establishment.”
ÀÌ´Â Çѱ¹ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÚµé°ú Áøº¸ÁÖÀÇÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ±×¸¦ ¸Å¿ì Àα⠾ø°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¹Ý±â¹®À» “±âȸÁÖÀÇÀÚ”¿Í “¹è½ÅÀÚ”¶ó°í ĪÇÑ´Ù. ¾ß´ç Èĺ¸ ¹®ÀçÀÎÀº ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÇ ´ë¼± ¾ß¸ÁÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ°í ±×¸¦ “³°Àº ±âµæ±ÇÃþ”ÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀ¸·Î ³«ÀÎÂï¾ú´Ù.
Being a lifetime bureaucrat, Ban has no political base in Korea. Instead, he has a history of avoiding tricky situations and political rivalry. Regionalism still plays a big role in South Korean politics. The rivalry between the southeast (Gyeongsang) and southwest (Jeolla ) has long driven a political divide. Ban is from the middle region (Chungcheong) and he survived presidents from both Gyeongsang and Jeolla , thus gaining his nickname as an “oily eel.”
Æò»ý °ü·á·Î »ì¾Æ¿Â ¹Ý±â¹®Àº Çѱ¹¿¡ Á¤Ä¡Àû ±â¹ÝÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ´ë½Å ±×´Â °ï¶õÇÑ »óȲ°ú Á¤Ä¡Àû °æÀïÀÚ¸¦ ÇÇÇØ »ì¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. Áö¿ªÁÖÀÇ´Â Çѱ¹ Á¤Ä¡¿¡¼ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Å« ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. Çѱ¹ÀÇ ³²µ¿ÂÊ(°æ»óµµ)°ú ³²¼ÂÊ(Àü¶óµµ) »çÀÌÀÇ °æÀïÀº ¿À·£ ½Ã°£ Á¤Ä¡ ºÐ¿À» °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù. ¹Ý±â¹®Àº Çѱ¹ÀÇ Áß°£ Áö¿ª(ÃæÁ¤µµ) Ãâ½ÅÀÌ°í ±×´Â °æ»óµµ¿Í Àü¶óµµ Ãâ½Å ´ëÅë·Éµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ »ì¾Æ³²¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ±×·¡¼ “±â¸§ Àå¾î”¶ó´Â º°¸íÀ» ¾ò¾ú´Ù.
Ban has announced that he would be willing to work with any politicians who share the same values while ruling out joining a certain political party. With what seems to be solid ground for a natural alliance with the Barun Party, he has also approached the People’s Party to express his interest in working with them. He has more thorny relations with the supporters of Moon and late President Roh Moo-hyun, and the Justice Party, who criticize Ban’s political moves.
¹Ý±â¹®Àº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Á¤´ç¿¡ °¡ÀÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹èÁ¦ÇÏÁö¸¸ µ¿µîÇÑ °¡Ä¡¸¦ °¡Áø ¾î¶² Á¤Ä¡Àΰúµµ ¿¬´ëÇÒ Àǻ簡 ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ¹Ù¸¥Á¤´ç°úÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î µ¿¸ÍÀ» À§ÇÑ °ß°íÇÑ ±â¹ÝÀ» °¡Áø °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ¸é¼ ±¹¹ÎÀÇ´ç°úÀÇ ¿¬´ë¿¡µµ °ü½ÉÀ» Ç¥¸íÇÏ¸ç ±¹¹ÎÀÇ´ç¿¡µµ Á¢±ÙÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àû Çຸ¸¦ ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â ¹®ÀçÀΰú ³ë¹«Çö Àü ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ÁöÁöÀÚµé, ±×¸®°í Á¤ÀÇ´ç°ú´Â º¸´Ù ²¬²ô·¯¿î °ü°è¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
His first few official events since coming back to Korea were visiting the war memorial, talking to graduates about youth unemployment, and visiting a carehome in his home town. Ban called himself a “progressive conservative” with a clear intention to appeal to as the widest possible number of political groups. Yet Ban’s own team is composed of ex-diplomats, Chungcheong-based politicians, and ex-advisor for former President Lee Myung-bak, most of whom represent the country’s conservative voices.
Çѱ¹¿¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Â ÈÄ Ã¹ ¸î °¡Áö °ø½Ä ÀÏÁ¤À¸·Î ±×´Â ÇöÃæ¿øÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇÏ°í û³â ½Ç¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´ëÇÐ Á¹¾÷»ýµé°ú ´ëȸ¦ ³ª´©°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °íÇâ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿ä¾ç¿øÀ» ¹æ¹®Çß´Ù. ¹Ý Àü ÃÑÀåÀº °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸¹Àº Á¤Ä¡ ±×·ì¿¡ È£¼ÒÇÏ°Ú´Ù´Â ºÐ¸íÇÑ Àǵµ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÚ½ÅÀ» “Áøº¸Àû º¸¼öÁÖÀÇÀÚ”¶ó ĪÇß´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸ ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÇ ÆÀÀº ÀüÁ÷ ¿Ü±³°ü, Ãæûµµ Ãâ½Å Á¤Ä¡Àεé, ±×¸®°í Àü À̸í¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ °í¹®µé·Î¼ ´ëºÎºÐ Çѱ¹ º¸¼öÃþÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ´ëº¯ÇÑ´Ù.
His go-broad strategy doesn’t seem to have worked, as opponents have criticized Ban as a “political novice.”
¹Ý´ëÆíµéÀÌ ¹Ý±â¹®À» “Á¤Ä¡ Ãʳâ»ý”À̶ó ºñÆÇÇßµí, ±×ÀÇ ±¤Æø Àü·«Àº È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Unlikely Reform, Likely Mismanagement
°³ÇõÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºÎ½Ç °æ¿µ
Lastly, there are more important issues regarding his candidacy. Despite his accumulated diplomatic experience, he suffers from a lack of political leadership, economic expertise, and reform-mindedness, the exact qualities South Korean voters desperately want from their new president after decades of corruption. Can 72-year-old lifetime diplomat Ban Ki-moon lead political reforms?
¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ±×ÀÇ ´ë¼± µµÀü°ú °ü·ÃÇØ ´õ¿í Áß¿äÇÑ »ç¾ÈµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿À·¡ ÃàÀûµÈ ¿Ü±³ °æÇè¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ±×´Â Á¤Ä¡Àû Åë¼Ö·Â, °æÁ¦ Àü¹®¼º ±×¸®°í °³Çõ ¸¶ÀÎµå µîÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÚÁúµéÀº ¼ö½Ê ³â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ºÎÆи¦ °æÇèÇÑ Çѱ¹ÀÇ À¯±ÇÀÚµéÀÌ ½ÅÀÓ ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô °£ÀýÈ÷ ¹Ù¶ó´Â °ÍµéÀÌ´Ù. 72¼¼ÀÇ ¿Ü±³°¡ÀÎ ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÌ Á¤Ä¡Àû °³ÇõÀ» À̲ø¾î ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?
The answer is not quite promising. Ban is more likely to be a status quo leader.
´ë´äÀº ±×¸® Èñ¸ÁÀûÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¹Ý±â¹®Àº Çö»óÀ¯ÁöÀûÀÎ ÁöµµÀÚ¿¡ °¡±õ´Ù.
Already, evidence of lack of transparency and mismanagement within the UN is mounting. At least two retired senior UN officials accused Ban of budget and human resources mismanagement. Inga-Britt Ahlenius, a former UN under-secretary general, said that the Secretariat was in a “process of decay” due to Ban’s failure to fill key posts. A former assistant secretary-general for field support, Anthony Bandury, also criticized poorly-supervised UN peacekeeping budgets and sclerotic ways of recruiting UN employees. The UN was failing, Bandury said, “thanks to colossal mismanagement.”
À¯¿£ ³»¿¡¼ÀÇ ±×ÀÇ Åõ¸í¼º °á¿©¿Í ºÎ½Ç °æ¿µÀÇ Áõ°ÅµéÀÌ ÀÌ¹Ì ½×ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Àû¾îµµ 2¸íÀÇ ÅðÁ÷ À¯¿£ °íÀ§ °ü·áµéÀÌ ¿¹»ê ¹× Àλç°ü¸® µî°ú °ü·ÃÇÑ ºÎ½Ç °æ¿µÀ¸·Î ±×¸¦ ºñ³Çß´Ù. Àü À¯¿£ ³»ºÎ°¨Âû½Ç ½ÇÀåÀÎ À×°¡ºê¸®Æ® ¾Ë·¹´Ï¿ì½º´Â ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÇ Áß¿ä º¸Á÷ ÀÎ»ç ½ÇÆзΠ»ç¹«±¹ÀÌ “ºÎÆÐÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù”°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. Àü À¯¿£ »ç¹«Â÷À庸ÀÎ ¾Ø¼´Ï ¹êµÎ¸®µµ ºÎ½ÇÇÏ°Ô °ü¸®µÈ À¯¿£ÀÇ ÆòÈÀ¯Áö ¿¹»ê°ú °æÁ÷µÈ ä¿ë ¹æ½Ä µîÀ» ºñÆÇÇß´Ù. ¹êµÎ¸®´Â À¯¿£ÀÌ “¾öû³ ºÎ½Ç °æ¿µ ¶§¹®¿¡” ¸ô¶ôÇÏ´Â ÁßÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
Last year, the UN staff union raised issues regarding the new online admin portal, called Umoja, Ban introduced. Umoja has cost $400 million so far, but its efficiency is in doubt. The union also complained that a private consultant, brought on by Ban as a reform measure, had mismanaged pension funds.
Áö³ÇØ, À¯¿£ Á÷¿ø Á¶ÇÕÀº ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÌ µµÀÔÇÑ, ¿ì¸ðÀÚ¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â »õ·Î¿î ¿Â¶óÀÎ °ü¸® Æ÷Åаú °ü·ÃÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Á¦±âÇß´Ù. Áö±Ý±îÁö ¿ì¸ðÀÚ¿Í °ü·ÃÇØ ¾²ÀÎ ºñ¿ëÀº 4¾ï ´Þ·¯ ±Ô¸ðÀÌÁö¸¸, ±× È¿°ú´Â ºÒºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù. À¯¿£ Á÷¿ø Á¶ÇÕÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÌ °³ÇõÀÇ ¹æħÀ¸·Î ºÒ·¯µéÀÎ ºñ°ø½Ä ÀÚ¹®°¡°¡ ¿¬±Ý Æݵ带 ºÎ½Ç ¿î¿ëÇß´Ù°í ºñ³Çß´Ù.
It’s also unlikely Ban could cut the powerful ties between politicians and conglomerates. Ban is already alleged to have received $230,000 from a businessman that bribed late President Roh. Ban’s brother and nephew have also been accused of bribery. Ban denies all the allegations.
¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ý±â¹®Àº Á¤Ä¡Àεé°ú Àç¹úµé °£ °·ÂÇÑ À¯Âø °ü°è¸¦ ²÷À» ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý±â¹®Àº À̹Ì, °í ³ë¹«Çö Àü ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô ³ú¹°À» ÁØ »ç¾÷°¡·ÎºÎÅÍ 23¸¸ ´Þ·¯¸¦ ¼ö¼öÇÑ ÇøÀǸ¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ý Àü ÃÑÀåÀÇ ³²µ¿»ý°ú Á¶Ä« ¿ª½Ã ³ú¹°ÁËÀÇ ÇøÀǸ¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¹Ý±â¹®Àº ¸ðµç ÇøÀǸ¦ ºÎÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
Ban’s lack of efficiency and transparency with regard to UN reform remain highly relevant in the Korean context. He needs to a proven track record of strong leadership to initiate reforms and break rigid government-business ties in South Korea. So far, his ten-year record as UNSG tells the opposite story: that Ban Ki-moon is the last person to push for reforms.
À¯¿£ °³Çõ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¹Ý±â¹®ÀÇ È¿À²¼º°ú Åõ¸í¼ºÀÇ °á¿©´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ »óȲ¿¡¼µµ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±×´Â °³ÇõÀ» À̲ø¾î ³»°í Çѱ¹ÀÇ °ß°íÇÑ Á¤°æ À¯ÂøÀ» ²÷¾î ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °·ÂÇÑ Åë¼Ö·ÂÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» Áõ¸íÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö »ç¹«ÃÑÀåÀ¸·Î º¸³½ ±×ÀÇ 10³âÀÇ ±â·ÏÀº Á¤¹Ý´ëÀÇ »ç½Ç, Áï ±×°¡ °³Çõ°ú´Â °Å¸®°¡ ¸Õ »ç¶÷À̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
Jiyoung Song is a Research Fellow at the Lowy Institute in Sydney, Australia.
ÇÊÀÚ : È£ÁÖ ·ÎÀ§¿¬±¸¼Ò(Lowy Institute) ¿¬±¸¿ø ¼ÛÁö¿µ.
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